Tuesday, December 24, 2013

CSharp C# User32.dll Change focus to Calc.exe and Notepad and send keys

CSharp C# User32.dll Change focus to Calc.exe and Notepad and send keys

Notes:  
1. The Class Program below is the focus of this example. The constants are from other sources on the web.
2. This example uses notepad but the keys would go to any active window. The program waits 10 seconds for you to select an active application. For example calc.exe as follows:









using System;
//Set references to System.Windows.Forms
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace ConsoleStuff
{
   class Program
   {
       #region DLLImports
       [DllImport("User32")]
       public static extern int SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hwnd);
       [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
       private static extern uint SendInput(uint numberOfInputs, INPUT[] inputs, int sizeOfInputStructure);
       [DllImport("user32.dll")]
       static extern void mouse_event(uint dwFlags, uint dx, uint dy, uint dwData,
          UIntPtr dwExtraInfo);
       [DllImport("user32.dll")]
       public static extern bool SetCursorPos(int X, int Y);
       [DllImport("user32.dll")]
       static extern bool GetCursorPos(out Point lpPoint);
       [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
       public static extern void mouse_event(long dwFlags, long dx, long dy, long cButtons, long dwExtraInfo);
       [DllImport("user32.dll")]
       [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
       static extern bool GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, out RECT lpRect);
       [DllImport("user32.dll")]
       public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
       #endregion DLLImports
       #region User32Constants
       private const UInt32 MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x0002;
       private const UInt32 MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x0004;
       #endregion User32Constants
       #region StructsAndEnums
       /// <summary>
       /// Point to use for SendClick() method.
       /// </summary>
       public struct Point
       {
        //         public int x;
        //         public int y;
        public int x { get; set; }
        public int y { get; set; }
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646270(v=vs.85).aspx
       /// </summary>
       [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       internal struct INPUT
       {
        public uint Type;
        public MOUSEKEYBDHARDWAREINPUT Data;
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/csharplanguage/thread/f0e82d6e-4999-4d22-b3d3-32b25f61fb2a
       /// </summary>
       [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
       internal struct MOUSEKEYBDHARDWAREINPUT
       {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public HARDWAREINPUT Hardware;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public KEYBDINPUT Keyboard;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public MOUSEINPUT Mouse;
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646310(v=vs.85).aspx
       /// </summary>
       [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       internal struct HARDWAREINPUT
       {
        public uint Msg;
        public ushort ParamL;
        public ushort ParamH;
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646310(v=vs.85).aspx
       /// </summary>
       [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       internal struct KEYBDINPUT
       {
        public ushort Vk;
        public ushort Scan;
        public uint Flags;
        public uint Time;
        public IntPtr ExtraInfo;
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/netfxbcl/thread/2abc6be8-c593-4686-93d2-89785232dacd
       /// </summary>
       [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       internal struct MOUSEINPUT
       {
        public int X;
        public int Y;
        public uint MouseData;
        public uint Flags;
        public uint Time;
        public IntPtr ExtraInfo;
       }
       public enum KeyCode : ushort
       {
        #region Media
        /// <summary>
        /// Next track if a song is playing
        /// </summary>
        MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK = 0xb0,
        /// <summary>
        /// Play pause
        /// </summary>
        MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE = 0xb3,
        /// <summary>
        /// Previous track
        /// </summary>
        MEDIA_PREV_TRACK = 0xb1,
        /// <summary>
        /// Stop
        /// </summary>
        MEDIA_STOP = 0xb2,
        #endregion
        #region math
        /// <summary>Key "+"</summary>
        ADD = 0x6b,
        /// <summary>
        /// "*" key
        /// </summary>
        MULTIPLY = 0x6a,
        /// <summary>
        /// "/" key
        /// </summary>
        DIVIDE = 0x6f,
        /// <summary>
        /// Subtract key "-"
        /// </summary>
        SUBTRACT = 0x6d,
        #endregion
        #region Browser
        /// <summary>
        /// Go Back
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_BACK = 0xa6,
        /// <summary>
        /// Favorites
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_FAVORITES = 0xab,
        /// <summary>
        /// Forward
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_FORWARD = 0xa7,
        /// <summary>
        /// Home
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_HOME = 0xac,
        /// <summary>
        /// Refresh
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_REFRESH = 0xa8,
        /// <summary>
        /// browser search
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_SEARCH = 170,
        /// <summary>
        /// Stop
        /// </summary>
        BROWSER_STOP = 0xa9,
        #endregion
        #region Numpad numbers
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD0 = 0x60,
           /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD1 = 0x61,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD2 = 0x62,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD3 = 0x63,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD4 = 100,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD5 = 0x65,
        /// <summary>
           ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD6 = 0x66,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD7 = 0x67,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD8 = 0x68,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        NUMPAD9 = 0x69,
        #endregion
        #region Fkeys
        /// <summary>
        /// F1
        /// </summary>
        F1 = 0x70,
        /// <summary>
        /// F10
        /// </summary>
        F10 = 0x79,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F11 = 0x7a,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F12 = 0x7b,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F13 = 0x7c,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F14 = 0x7d,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F15 = 0x7e,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F16 = 0x7f,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F17 = 0x80,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F18 = 0x81,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F19 = 130,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F2 = 0x71,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F20 = 0x83,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F21 = 0x84,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F22 = 0x85,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F23 = 0x86,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F24 = 0x87,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F3 = 0x72,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F4 = 0x73,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F5 = 0x74,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F6 = 0x75,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F7 = 0x76,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F8 = 0x77,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        F9 = 120,
        #endregion
        #region Other
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
           OEM_1 = 0xba,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_102 = 0xe2,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_2 = 0xbf,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_3 = 0xc0,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_4 = 0xdb,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_5 = 220,
           /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_6 = 0xdd,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_7 = 0xde,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_8 = 0xdf,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_CLEAR = 0xfe,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_COMMA = 0xbc,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_MINUS = 0xbd,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_PERIOD = 190,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        OEM_PLUS = 0xbb,
        #endregion
        #region KEYS
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_0 = 0x30,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_1 = 0x31,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_2 = 50,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_3 = 0x33,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_4 = 0x34,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_5 = 0x35,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_6 = 0x36,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_7 = 0x37,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_8 = 0x38,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_9 = 0x39,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_A = 0x41,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_B = 0x42,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_C = 0x43,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_D = 0x44,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_E = 0x45,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_F = 70,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_G = 0x47,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_H = 0x48,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_I = 0x49,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_J = 0x4a,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_K = 0x4b,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_L = 0x4c,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_M = 0x4d,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_N = 0x4e,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_O = 0x4f,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_P = 80,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_Q = 0x51,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_R = 0x52,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_S = 0x53,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_T = 0x54,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_U = 0x55,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_V = 0x56,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_W = 0x57,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_X = 0x58,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_Y = 0x59,
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        KEY_Z = 90,
        #endregion
        #region volume
        /// <summary>
        /// Decrese volume
        /// </summary>
        VOLUME_DOWN = 0xae,
        /// <summary>
        /// Mute volume
        /// </summary>
        VOLUME_MUTE = 0xad,
        /// <summary>
        /// Increase volue
        /// </summary>
        VOLUME_UP = 0xaf,
        #endregion
        /// <summary>
        /// Take snapshot of the screen and place it on the clipboard
        /// </summary>
        SNAPSHOT = 0x2c,
        /// <summary>Send right click from keyboard "key that is 2 keys to the right of space bar"</summary>
        RightClick = 0x5d,
        /// <summary>
        /// Go Back or delete
           /// </summary>
        BACKSPACE = 8,
        /// <summary>
        /// Control + Break "When debuging if you step into an infinite loop this will stop debug"
        /// </summary>
        CANCEL = 3,
        /// <summary>
        /// Caps lock key to send cappital letters
        /// </summary>
        CAPS_LOCK = 20,
        /// <summary>
        /// Ctlr key
        /// </summary>
        CONTROL = 0x11,
        /// <summary>
        /// Alt key
        /// </summary>
        ALT = 18,
        /// <summary>
        /// "." key
        /// </summary>
        DECIMAL = 110,
        /// <summary>
        /// Delete Key
        /// </summary>
        DELETE = 0x2e,
        /// <summary>
        /// Arrow down key
        /// </summary>
        DOWN = 40,
        /// <summary>
        /// End key
        /// </summary>
        END = 0x23,
        /// <summary>
        /// Escape key
        /// </summary>
        ESC = 0x1b,
        /// <summary>
        /// Home key
        /// </summary>
        HOME = 0x24,
        /// <summary>
        /// Insert key
        /// </summary>
        INSERT = 0x2d,
        /// <summary>
        /// Open my computer
        /// </summary>
        LAUNCH_APP1 = 0xb6,
        /// <summary>
        /// Open calculator
        /// </summary>
        LAUNCH_APP2 = 0xb7,
        /// <summary>
        /// Open default email in my case outlook
        /// </summary>
        LAUNCH_MAIL = 180,
        /// <summary>
        /// Opend default media player (itunes, winmediaplayer, etc)
        /// </summary>
        LAUNCH_MEDIA_SELECT = 0xb5,
        /// <summary>
        /// Left control
        /// </summary>
        LCONTROL = 0xa2,
        /// <summary>
        /// Left arrow
        /// </summary>
        LEFT = 0x25,
        /// <summary>
        /// Left shift
        /// </summary>
        LSHIFT = 160,
        /// <summary>
        /// left windows key
        /// </summary>
        LWIN = 0x5b,
        /// <summary>
        /// Next "page down"
        /// </summary>
        PAGEDOWN = 0x22,
        /// <summary>
        /// Num lock to enable typing numbers
        /// </summary>
        NUMLOCK = 0x90,
        /// <summary>
        /// Page up key
        /// </summary>
        PAGE_UP = 0x21,
        /// <summary>
        /// Right control
        /// </summary>
        RCONTROL = 0xa3,
           /// <summary>
        /// Return key
        /// </summary>
        ENTER = 13,
        /// <summary>
        /// Right arrow key
        /// </summary>
        RIGHT = 0x27,
        /// <summary>
        /// Right shift
        /// </summary>
        RSHIFT = 0xa1,
        /// <summary>
        /// Right windows key
        /// </summary>
        RWIN = 0x5c,
        /// <summary>
        /// Shift key
        /// </summary>
        SHIFT = 0x10,
        /// <summary>
        /// Space back key
        /// </summary>
        SPACE_BAR = 0x20,
        /// <summary>
        /// Tab key
        /// </summary>
        TAB = 9,
        /// <summary>
        /// Up arrow key
        /// </summary>
        UP = 0x26,
       }
       [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       public struct RECT
       {
        public int Left;     // x position of upper-left corner
        public int Top;      // y position of upper-left corner
        public int Right;    // x position of lower-right corner
        public int Bottom;   // y position of lower-right corner
       }
       #endregion StructsAndEnums
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000);
        GetForegroundWindow();
        SendKeyPress(KeyCode.KEY_1);
        SendKeyPress(KeyCode.KEY_2);
        SendKeyPress(KeyCode.KEY_3);
        SendKeyPress(KeyCode.ENTER);
        Console.WriteLine("press enter to finish");
        Console.ReadLine();
       }
       /// <summary>
       /// simulate key press
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="keyCode"></param>
       public static void SendKeyPress(KeyCode keyCode)
       {
        INPUT input = new INPUT
        {
            Type = 1
        };
        input.Data.Keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT()
        {
            Vk = (ushort)keyCode,
            Scan = 0,
            Flags = 0,
            Time = 0,
            ExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero,
        };
        INPUT input2 = new INPUT
        {
            Type = 1
        };
        input2.Data.Keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT()
        {
            Vk = (ushort)keyCode,
            Scan = 0,
            Flags = 2,
            Time = 0,
            ExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero
        };
        INPUT[] inputs = new INPUT[] { input, input2 };
        if (SendInput(2, inputs, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(INPUT))) == 0)
            throw new Exception();
       }
   }
}

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